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Showing posts with label Power Generation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Power Generation. Show all posts
Working Safely with Photovoltaic System
File Size: 446 KB
Pages: 27 pages
Pages: 27 pages
Contents:-
- 1. Introduction
- 2. About This Booklet
- 3. PV System Characteristics and Hazards
- 3.1 PV System Characteristics
3.1.1 Types of Systems
3.1.2 Balance of Systems - 3.2 System Hazards and Recommendations
3.2.1 Non-Electrical Hazards
3.2.2 Electrical Hazards
3.2.3 Battery Hazards
3.2.4 AC Power Hazards - 4. Safe PV Systems
4.1 Applicable Safety Codes
4.2 Designing and Installing a PV System-
What the NEC Says
4.2.1 System Current and Voltage
4.2.2 Wiring and Disconnect Requirements
4.2.3 Grounding
4.2.4 The PV System Output
4.3 Testing a PV System-Safety Hints - 5.0 For Your Health
5.1 Non-Electrical Injuries
5.2 Electrical Injuries
Steam Power Plants
File Size: 1.38 MB
Pages: 313 pages
Contents:-
Section 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
1.2 Cancellation
1.3 Policy
Section 2 BASIC DATA
2.1 Economic Analysis
2.2 Economic Studies
2.3 Source of Power
2.4 Private Versus Government Ownership
2.5 Expansion, Rehabilitation, and Replacement of Existing Plants
2.6 Fuel Selection
2.7 Codes and Regulations
2.8 Plant Location Factors
2.9 Types of Power Plants
Section 3 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE TO DEVELOP A POWER PLANT
3.1 Power Plant Loads
3.2 Steam Power Plant Design
3.3 Plant Design Factors
Section 4 POWER PLANT STEAM GENERATION
4.1 Steam Generators (Boilers)
4.2 Steam Pressures and Temperatures
4.3 Natural Gas Firing
4.4 Fuel Oil Firing
4.5 Coal Firing
4.6 Wood Firing
4.7 Soot Blowers
4.8 Economizers
4.9 Air Heaters
4.10 Forced Draft Fans
4.11 Induced Draft Fans
4.12 Primary Air Fans
4.13 Overfire Air Fans
4.14 Cinder Return Fans
4.15 Stacks
4.16 Blowdown Equipment
4.17 Essential Plant Equipment
4.18 Equipment Selection
Section 5 STEAM TURBINE DESIGN
5.1 Typical Plants and Cycles
5.2 Cogeneration in Steam Power Plants
5.3 Turbine Types
5.4 Turbine Generator Sizes
5.5 Turbine Throttle Pressure and Temperature
5.6 Turbine Exhaust Pressure
5.7 Lubricating Oil Systems
5.8 Generator Types
5.9 Generator Cooling
5.10 Turbine Generator Control
5.11 Turning Gear
5.12 Turbine Generator Foundations
5.13 Auxiliary Equipment
5.14 Installation
5.15 Cleanup, Startup, and Testing
5.16 Operation
Section 6 GENERATOR AND ELECTRICAL FACILITIES DESIGN
6.1 Typical Voltage Ratings and Systems
6.2 Generators
6.3 Generator Leads and Switchyard
Section 7 STEAM CONDENSERS
7.1 Condenser Types
7.2 Condenser Sizes
7.3 Condenser Materials
7.4 Condenser Support
7.5 Condenser Air Removal
Section 8 AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
8.1 Condensate Storage and Transfer
8.2 Feedwater Heaters
8.3 Heater Drain Pumps
8.4 Deaerators
8.5 Boiler Feed Pumps
8.6 Pressure Reducing and Desuperheating Stations
8.7 Compressed Air System
8.8 Auxiliary Cooling Water System
Section 9 COAL HANDLING
9.1 Unloading Systems
9.2 Coal Crushing
9.3 Coal Storage
9.4 Coal Reclaiming
9.5 Plant Bunker or Silo Storage
9.6 Bunker or Silo Filling Systems
9.7 Coal Scales
9.8 Magnetic Separators
9.9 Coal Sampling
Section 10 ASH HANDLING
10.1 Ash Handling Systems
10.2 Bottom Ash Hoppers
10.3 Clinker Crushers
10.4 Ash Storage
Section 11 CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
11.1 Types of Controls and Control Systems
11.2 Steam Power Plant Controls
11.3 Safety Devices and Interlocks
11.4 Control Loops
11.5 Flow meters
11.6 Pressure Gauges
11.7 Temperature Sensors
11.8 Transmitters
11.9 Recorders
11.10 Controllers
11.11 Operators
11.12 Positioners
11.13 Control Room
Section 12 WATER SUPPLY, MAKEUP, AND TREATMENT
12.1 Water Supply
12.2 Water Makeup
12.3 Water Treatment
12.4 Cooling Water Systems
12.5 Intake Structures
12.6 Outfall Structures
12.7 Cooling Towers
12.8 Cooling Water System Chemical Treatment
Section 13 CORROSION PROTECTION
13.1 Justification
13.2 Causes
13.3 Corrosion Controls
Section 14 SAFETY PROTECTION
14.1 Personnel
14.2 Piping and Equipment
14.3 Air Navigation
14.4 Security
Section 15 FIRE PROTECTION
15.1 General Requirements
15.2 Fuel
15.3 Transformers
15.4 Lubricating and Hydrogen Seal Oil Equipment
15.5 Standpipe and Fire Hose Stations
15.6 Portable Hand-Held Extinguishers
15.7 Typical Fire Protection Systems for Power Plants
Section 16 MISCELLANEOUS
16.1 Piping
16.2 Insulation, Lagging, and Jacketing
16.3 Freeze Protection
16.4 Pipe Supports
16.5 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning
16.6 Cranes and Hoists
16.7 Metering
16.8 Drainage
16.9 Seismic Design Criteria
16.10 Architectural Criteria
16.11 Structural Criteria
16.12 Electrical Criteria
16.13 Operation and Maintenance Manuals
Section 17 POLLUTION CONTROL
17.1 Air Quality Control
17.2 Water Quality Control
17.3 Oil Spill Control
17.4 Solid Waste Disposal
Section 18 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND PERMITTING
18.1 Air Quality Regulations
18.2 Water Quality Regulations
18.3 Solid Waste Disposal
18.4 Dredge and Fill Regulations
18.5 Permits
Section 19 TESTING
19.1 Equipment Testing
19.2 Preparations for Tests
19.3 Test Equipment and Materials
Section 20 LOAD SHEDDING
20.1 Objectives of Load Shedding Program
20.2 Requirements for Load Reduction
20.3 Methods of Load Shedding
20.4 Electrical Usage and Critcality
Section 21 POWER PLANT COGENERATION
21.1 Definition
21.2 Cycles
21.3 Efficiency
21.4 Methods of Operation
21.5 Interconnection with Utility
21.6 Economics
Synchronous Machines
This is a book which's helpful for engineering students. it can be downloaded in zip format in the direct link given bellow.
Personal Protective Grounding for Electric Power Facilities and Power Lines
File Size : 1.66 MB
Pages: 89
Contents:-
Pages: 89
Contents:-
- 1. Purpose and Scope
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope
1.3 Responsibility
1.4 Cancellation
- 2. Definitions and Interpretations
- 3. Determine Need for Personal Protective Grounding
3.1 Uses Permitted
3.1.1 Over 600 Volts (Required)
3.1.2 Less Than 600 Volts (Optional)
3.2 Uses Not Permitted
3.2.1 Lightning
3.2.2 Over 50,000 Amperes Available Fault Current
3.2.3 Nontemporary Installations - 4. Basic Criteria for Safe Grounding Practices
4.1 Electric Shock Hazard
4.2 Protective Grounding Requirements
- 5. Ground Cable Assemblies
5.1 Grounding Cable
5.1.1 Cable Ampacity
5.1.2 Parallel Grounds
5.2 Grounding Cable Jackets
5.3 Grounding Clamps
5.4 Ground Cable Ferrules
- 6. Application of Protective Ground Cables
6.1 Determine Maximum Available Fault Current at Worksite
6.2 Size the Cables
6.2.1 Cable Size
6.2.2 Cable Length
6.3 Inspect Ground Cable Assemblies
6.4 Obtain a Clearance
6.5 Confirm De-Energized Status (arc flash hazard analysis required)
6.5.1 Hot Stick
6.5.2 Noisy Tester
6.5.3 Hot Horn or Noisy Tester
6.5.4 Multiple Range Voltage Detector
6.5.5 Neon-Type Indicator
6.5.6 Direct-Reading Voltmeter
6.6 Clean Connections (arc flash hazard analysis required)
6.6.1 Wire Brushing
6.6.2 Self-Cleaning Clamps
6.7 Grounding Cable Installation
6.7.1 Ground-End Clamps
6.7.2 Circuit-End Clamps (arc flash hazard analysis required)
6.7.3 Multiphase, Worksite Grounding Required
6.7.4 Parallel Grounds
6.7.5 Barricade
6.7.6 Removal
6.8 Arc Flash Hazard Analysis Required
- 7. Power and Pumping Plant Protective Grounding
7.1 Three-Phase Tee Grounding
7.2 Double-Isolation Grounding
- 8. Switchyard and Substation Protective Grounding
8.1 General Considerations for Placement of Protective Grounds
8.2 Power Circuit Breakers and Transformers
8.3 Disconnect Switches and Bus
8.4 Insulated High-Voltage Cable
8.4.1 Cable Terminations
8.4.2 Midsection and Splices
8.4.3 Cable Testing
8.5 Grounding Transformers and Phase Reactors
8.6 Capacitor Banks
8.7 Mobile Equipment
- 9. Power Line Protective Grounding
9.1 Grounding on Metal Transmission Structures
9.2 Grounding on Wood Pole Transmission Structures
9.3 Transmission Line Terminal Ground Switches
9.4 Grounding on Distribution Lines
9.5 Surface Equipment and Vehicle Grounding
9.6 Opening or Splicing Aerial Conductors
9.7 Grounding Insulated Power Cable
- 10. Care, Inspection, and Testing Protective Grounding Equipment
10.1 Care
10.2 Inspection
10.2.1 Ground Cable Assemblies
10.2.2 Live-Line Tools
10.3 Testing
10.3.1 Ground Cable Assemblies
10.3.2 Live-Line Tools
10.4 Records
